By 1622, Henrietta Maria was living in Paris with a household of some 200 staff, and marriage plans were being discussed. As part of her religious training, the princess was heavily influenced by the Carmelites at the French court. Although tutored in reading and writing, she was not known for her academic skills. Henrietta Maria was trained, along with her sisters, in riding, dancing, and singing, and took part in court plays. As a child, she was raised under the supervision of the royal governess Françoise de Montglat. Her father was assassinated on, when she was less than a year old. She was the youngest sister of the future Louis XIII of France. As a daughter of the Bourbon king of France, she was a Fille de France and a member of the House of Bourbon. Henrietta Maria was brought up as a Roman Catholic. In England, where the Julian calendar was still in use, her date of birth is often recorded as 16 November. She was born at the Palais du Louvre on 25 November 1609, but some historians give her a birthdate of 26 November. Henrietta Maria was the youngest daughter of Henry IV of France (Henry III of Navarre) and his second wife, Marie de' Medici, and was named after her parents. The name was carried over into the current U.S. The North American Province of Maryland, a major haven for Roman Catholic settlers, was named in honour of Queen Henrietta Maria. In 1665, she moved back to Paris, where she died four years later. She settled in Paris and returned to England after the Restoration of Charles II to the throne. The execution of Charles I in 1649 left her impoverished. She immersed herself in national affairs as civil war loomed, and in 1644, following the birth of her youngest daughter, Henrietta, during the height of the First English Civil War, was compelled to seek refuge in France. Henrietta Maria's Roman Catholicism made her unpopular in England, and also prohibited her from being crowned in a Church of England service therefore, she never had a coronation. Contemporaneously, by a decree of her husband, she was known in England as 'Queen Mary', but she did not like this name and signed her letters "Henriette R" or "Henriette Marie R" (the "R" standing for regina, Latin for "queen"). She was mother of his sons Charles II and James II and VII. Henrietta Maria (French: Henriette Marie 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from her marriage to King Charles I on 13 June 1625 until Charles was executed on 30 January 1649.
Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange.
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